Bible Notes Online - Zechariah 12 - ESV
Commentary

v1: See Amos 4.13; the great and mighty God, the creator and sustainer of all things, the source of life, He forms the spirit of man within him.

v2-9: The nations gather against Jerusalem; they come to move it away, like a large boulder; "all the surrounding nations...all the nations of the earth...all the surrounding peoples...all the nations." Jerusalem will be once more isolated, yet the Lord God Almighty will defend His own.

The victory will be the Lord's although He will use the chosen city;

  • I am going to make Jerusalem a cup of drunkenness;
  • I will make Jerusalem an immovable rock;
  • I will strike every horse and its rider;
  • I will make the leaders of Judah like a brazier in a woodpile, consuming those who attack her;,
  • The Lord will save the dwellings of Judah,...the Lord will shield those who live in Jerusalem.

The events here are distinct from those described in chapter 14.

v10-14: See John 19.37; Rev 1.7; the Spirit of grace and supplication; they will look on Christ, the Messiah and, realising their own sin and guilt, will mourn. The picture is of Joseph's brothers weeping when they recognised him.

There is a sense of national responsibility and guilt, as in Acts 2.22-23; 3.13-15.