Bible Notes Online - Genesis 43 - ESV
Commentary

v1-2: Jacob seemed reluctant to send his sons back to Egypt.

v3-5: Judah reminded him of Joseph's words.

v6-7: Jacob had suffered months of mental anguish, since 42.36,38. He knew he had to send Benjamin to Egypt.

v8-9: Judah, not Reuben this time, is willing to provide surety for Benjamin. He puts himself forward, not his sons (42.37). Like Christ he says, "I will bear the blame before you all my life". Although Judah had been guilty of sins before, he is now willing to sacrifice himself for the sake of others. Later, Judah intercedes before Joseph (44.18-34).

v10: His final words may be a complaint at Jacob's prevarication. Simeon was Judah's brother, and had been kept a long time in Egypt.

v11: There was a famine in the land. The gift of "some of the best products" from their land was therefore a real sacrifice.

v14: Jacob's prayer; for mercy for his sons, and especially that Benjamin would be restored to him.

v17-18: The brothers were, not surprisingly, fearful. Joseph’s brothers were fearful because they were unbelieving. At this point they did not know this was Joseph. ‘So long as their ignorance lasted, so long their fear terrified them.’ John Bunyan, Come and Welcome to Jesus Christ).

v19-23: Joseph's steward may not have been part of the previous order to return the money (42.25).

v24-25: They prepared for Joseph's coming. In a similar way, Israel must be prepared by Christ's return.

v26: All eleven brothers bowed down to Joseph, fulfilling his first dream (37.6-7). Later they are "my lord's slaves" (44.16).

v29: It is possible that Joseph had never previously met Benjamin. The other ten were half-brothers. Benjamin alone was Joseph's 'real' brother. It seems this was why Joseph had to hurry out to weep (v30).