v1-2: The eastern gateway, through which the Lord Himself enters. This refers to His physical presence rather than His Shekinah glory (43.5; 1 Kings 8.10-11); for God reveals Himself in different ways.

v3: The prince has the special privilege of eating in the presence of the Lord.

v4: The glory of the Lord appeared; here is ownership of this new temple.

v5: With the detailed description comes clear instructions.

v6-9: The temple is a sign to rebellious Israel, who lived without a temple in exile, see 43.10-11. Ezekiel reminded them that their abominations robbed them of great blessings, and the vision of the temple was presented to turn them back to God.

Therefore the new temple is strictly for Israel, no foreigner, even a proselyte, being allowed to enter. Thus, God set apart His people afresh. There is some evidence that Israel had allowed foreigners into the holy place (see Josh 9.23, 27; 2 Kings 11.4; Ezra 8.20). This is a quite different message to that of Eph 3.6, where Gentile and Israel share the inheritance of the promises of God.

Ezekiel's vision has produced debate over when it is to be used; but the emphasis is that it is presented as a motivation for godly living, not the subject for debate.

v10-14: The service of the Levites. Their past sin of idolatry, which influenced the people towards that same sin, means that their future service is restricted. Certain things are forbidden for them, although they do have clear responsibilities.

v15-16: The men of Zadok, who remained faithful to God in the midst of an idolatrous people, receive great reward; see 40.46; Lev 22.1-16; 1 Chr 24.3. Although many went astray, even Levites, these remained faithful.

Their reward; they shall

• stand before me to offer sacrifices;
• enter my sanctuary;
• come near to my table;
• minister before me, and
• perform my service.

This section effectively re-introduces the Levitical priesthood, although restricting it to the family of Zadok.

v17-19: The men of Zadok set an example of holiness, wearing linen clothes, avoiding sweat; Gen 3.19 links sweat with a curse.

v20-22: Stricter rules for priests, as in Lev 21.7, 13-14; Num 6.3-4. For those who want to know and serve God more, there is often a greater price to pay.

v23: The priests, having honoured God through their lives, are called to teach the people. They show holiness by life and lip.

v24: The priests maintain justice, but this is by God's word, not by personal opinion.

v25-27: Again, the stricter rules for priests with regard to the dead.

v28-31: Provision for the sons of Zadok from the offerings brought by the people. They could not eat from their own livestock or produce, for they have none. Further, in maintaining a holy way of life, they cannot eat animals found dead, or killed by wild animals.