Esther 8 - ESV - Bible Reading / Study Notes

Esther 8

Esther Saves the Jews

8:1 On that day King Ahasuerus gave to Queen Esther the house of Haman, the enemy of the Jews. And Mordecai came before the king, for Esther had told what he was to her. 2 And the king took off his signet ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman.

3 Then Esther spoke again to the king. She fell at his feet and wept and pleaded with him to avert the evil plan of Haman the Agagite and the plot that he had devised against the Jews. 4 When the king held out the golden scepter to Esther, Esther rose and stood before the king. 5 And she said, “If it please the king, and if I have found favor in his sight, and if the thing seems right before the king, and I am pleasing in his eyes, let an order be written to revoke the letters devised by Haman the Agagite, the son of Hammedatha, which he wrote to destroy the Jews who are in all the provinces of the king. 6 For how can I bear to see the calamity that is coming to my people? Or how can I bear to see the destruction of my kindred?” 7 Then King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther and to Mordecai the Jew, “Behold, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and they have hanged him on the gallows,¹ because he intended to lay hands on the Jews. 8 But you may write as you please with regard to the Jews, in the name of the king, and seal it with the king’s ring, for an edict written in the name of the king and sealed with the king’s ring cannot be revoked.”

9 The king’s scribes were summoned at that time, in the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day. And an edict was written, according to all that Mordecai commanded concerning the Jews, to the satraps and the governors and the officials of the provinces from India to Ethiopia, 127 provinces, to each province in its own script and to each people in its own language, and also to the Jews in their script and their language. 10 And he wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed it with the king’s signet ring. Then he sent the letters by mounted couriers riding on swift horses that were used in the king’s service, bred from the royal stud, 11 saying that the king allowed the Jews who were in every city to gather and defend their lives, to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate any armed force of any people or province that might attack them, children and women included, and to plunder their goods, 12 on one day throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar. 13 A copy of what was written was to be issued as a decree in every province, being publicly displayed to all peoples, and the Jews were to be ready on that day to take vengeance on their enemies. 14 So the couriers, mounted on their swift horses that were used in the king’s service, rode out hurriedly, urged by the king’s command. And the decree was issued in Susa the citadel.

15 Then Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal robes of blue and white, with a great golden crown² and a robe of fine linen and purple, and the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced. 16 The Jews had light and gladness and joy and honor. 17 And in every province and in every city, wherever the king’s command and his edict reached, there was gladness and joy among the Jews, a feast and a holiday. And many from the peoples of the country declared themselves Jews, for fear of the Jews had fallen on them.

Footnotes

[1] 8:7 Or wooden beam (see note on 2:23)
[2] 8:15 Or headdress

Commentary

v1-2: The king gave Mordecai authority; and Esther too, receiving Haman's estate, appointed him over that.

Again, the picture is of the Lord Jesus Christ, who is now exalted and has all authority.

v3-4: Esther appeared before the king again; and again he held out the golden sceptre. There was still work to do, since Haman's scheme was still in place.

Although Jesus Christ has died, and has triumphed over Satan, there is still much wrong in the world, and in our lives. The promises of God will be victorious over the power of Satan.

v5-6: Esther brought the matter of Haman's scheme before the King. Her motivation was the suffering that her people would experience should the scheme continue. Esther's concern was for her nation; her parents had died, so she is unlikely to be referring to a 'nuclear family.' We must have a deep concern for God's people, and be driven into action by that concern.

Desmond Tutu says; 'I can be me only if you are fully you. I am because we are, for we are made for togetherness, for family.'

v7-8: As Haman was allowed to write the first decree, so Esther was allowed to write this second one. Although the first decree could not be revoked, the second one could reverse its effects; see Dan 6.8, and compare Col 2.14.

v9: The message of life was declared in the language of the people; the gospel must be proclaimed so that the people will understand.

v10: The message was proclaimed with urgency.

v11-13: See 3.13; the message granted the right to the Jews to protect themselves from any who sought to kill them. Although Haman was dead, there remained those who hated the Jewish people, and presumably looked forward to the opportunity to attack and destroy them.

Haman's decree seemed to stir up hatred against the Jews across the empire.

v14: As in v11, the messengers were urgent, spurred on by the king's command.

v15-17: There was joy throughout the empire, contrasting with the bewilderment of 3.15. Many people became Jews; they joined those who had been condemned to death.

There is a parallel here with the message of the gospel of Jesus Christ;

prayer, v3-6; Acts 1.12-14;
action and proclamation, v7.12; Acts 2.1-36;
consequences, v13-16; Acts 2.37-41; and
many were added, v17; Acts 2.47.