Bible Notes Online - 1-Kings 11 - ESV
Commentary

v1-4: Solomon loved many foreign women, and held fast to them in love; in this he disobeyed a clear prohibition, "You must not intermarry with them". Solomon therefore fell into serious disobedience. David also had foreign wives, although fewer, and it seems his were marriages of convenience, rather than love. Solomon's many relationships with foreign nations (10.24) brought him into contact with princesses.

The warning sadly proved true, his many foreign wives turned his heart after their gods. This particularly happened as Solomon grew old.

v5-8: Solomon, in following the idols of his foreign wives, actually made provision for idolatry. This affected the nation for centuries (see 2 Kings 23.13, where Josiah destroyed idols erected by Solomon).

From a distance of many centuries, the comment that Solomon followed 'Molech' seems innocent and insignificant. Worship of Molech involved child sacrifice as routine. Moses had long condemned this practice (Lev 18.21). Yet, later, the Valley of Hinnom became a place of such appalling acts (2 Kings 23.10; Jer 32.35). 'As the children were burned, drums were beaten in order to drown out thie screams of fear and pain. (A History of Children, Irene Smale). Hundreds might be killed in this way at a time.

v9-10: The Lord had twice appeared to Solomon, which none of his wives could claim, yet he neglected that great blessing, and he disobeyed all that the Lord God had told him. We are reminded that no spiritual experience of itself can keep us from temptation; we still need to resist day by day.

v11-13: God's judgment was tempered with mercy. The kingdom would be torn away from Solomon; but not during his lifetime, and not totally. There was also the promise that the loss of the kingdom would not be for ever (v39).

These verses mark the beginning of the downward slide through the two books of the Kings; some 500 years of disobedience, decay, disruption, division, and decadence.

v14-25: There was rebellion against Solomon from outside Israel.

First there was Hadad the Edomite; such was the treachery of Edom, and Solomon's folly, that Solomon had taken Edomite wives. Hadad also had an alliance with Egypt, as Solomon had also. It may have been that Pharaoh deceived Solomon to gain influence at his court.

Although David had defeated both Edom and Zobah, they both revived to bring trouble for Solomon.

v26-40: There was also rebellion against Solomon from within Israel; this was more dangerous. We note that Jeroboam brought about the division of Israel, not Hadad or Rezon. Jeroboam also had an alliance with Egypt.

The division of the kingdom was God's doing, prophesied by Ahijah. Jeroboam would take ten of the twelve tribes, with one (Judah) left for David, and one (Levi) left for the Lord.

Jeroboam could also have built an enduring dynasty (v38) had he obeyed the Lord God.

v41-43: The chapter ends by simply recording that Solomon was king for 40 years, he died, and his son, Rehoboam, succeeded him.